Finance Calculator

Income Tax Calculator

Apply illustrative progressive federal brackets for single or married filing to see estimated tax and effective rate.

Enter taxable income and filing status

Provide approximate taxable income and choose single or married brackets.

About this calculator

How to use Income Tax Calculator, plus the formulas and logic behind the results.

Tool description

US federal income tax is progressive: portions of income fall into successive brackets (10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, 37%). This tool uses approximate 2024-style thresholds for education.

How to use

Enter taxable income (after deductions—not gross pay).
Select single or married (joint) illustrative brackets.
Select Calculate to view estimated tax and effective rate.
Treat results as learning aids only—not a filing figure.

Formulas & reference

Tax = sum of (income in each bracket × bracket rate)
Effective rate % = tax ÷ taxable income × 100
Marginal rate = rate of the highest bracket reached

Illustrative 2024-style rates

Rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, 37%
Only ordinary taxable income is modeled
Effective rate is usually below marginal rate
State and FICA taxes are not included

Calculation logic

Walks taxable income through illustrative bracket ceilings for the selected status, taxing each slice at its rate. Does not apply credits, AMT, NIIT, or state tax.

Not filing advice. Brackets are approximate/illustrative 2024-style federal ordinary-income rates. Official liability depends on year, deductions, credits, and IRS rules.